Internal combustion engine

Engine Technology

Electrical Tech.

vehicle tech part 2

Principles of Steering (Continued)

13 What other safety system has been added to a steering columns and what happens in a front end collision ?
Air bags, when the car has a front end collision air bags sensors will trigger and deploy the air bags before you even blink 
14 What is the purpose of a control arm?

15 What is the purpose of the flexible joint that connects the imput shaft to the steering box ?
it allows alignment of the column to the steering wheel box .
16 How many control arms can a front suspension have ?
1 or 2
17 What type of front suspension has 2 control arms ?
parallel front suspension 
18 What does a pan hard rod do ?
to restrict lateral movement of the rear axle during cornering 
19 What are the purpose of bushes in a suspension system ?
act as bearing and suspension fulcrum points to allow for movement of the component while maintaining its alignment
20 What materials can bushes be made from ?
rubber, metallic, metalastic
21 What is the point of ball joints in the steering and suspension ?
as the  suspension and steering deflects, they let the control arms move up and down and lets the wheel and hub assembly turn for the steering wheel.

Principles of Steering

1 What isthe purpose of the steering ?
provides control over direction of travel, good manoeuvring, smooth recovery from turns and minimum transmission of road shocks.
2 How is four wheel steering controlled ?
can be controlled electronically or mechanically.
3 What is the purpose of power steering ?
to help the driver turn the wheel with less effort.
4 How do you describe steering geometry ?
the relationships between the steering system, the wheel positions and the suspension system form what is called the steering geometry.
5 What 2 different types of steering are there ?
Rack and pinion and worm gear
6 What connects to the steering rack to the wheels ?
tie-rods
7 Why is a rack and pinion used ?
because the construction is compact and light weight
8 What are the purpose of of the bearings in the steering box ?
to reduce friction and wear and to reduce end  float
9 What is the purpose of a worm gear steering box ?
for better control steering
10 How does the power steering work ?
the power steering pump, pumps the steering fluid to the steering gear box, which flows to the valve body unit. once you turn the wheel to the left or to the right , the computer tells the steering fluid to push against the crank to make the wheels move, taking less stress off the driver.
11 What is the purpose of the steering column ?
to transfer the drivers input torque from the steering wheel.

12 What has been added to some modern steering columns to reduce the risk of injury in a front end collision. Explain what happens to the steering column in a front end collision ? 

ABS

• What is the purpose of ABS?
  Prevents the wheels locking or skidding, no matter how hard the brakes are applied or how slippery the road surface.
• What is the purpose of speed sensors and are they input or outputs to the ECU?
  sends signals to the ECU and it inputs to the ECU.
• What is the weight percent on a braking system?
  60 to 40 % depending on RWD or FWD.
• If one of the lines leak what percentage of braking do you get?
  50% if one fails
• What are the main things we need to think about braking?
  Weight load, distance, road conditions and tyres.
• What is the purpose of an ECU?
  to control the hydraulic unit.
• When is ABS passive or active?
  its always passive till its needed
• When ABS is working how many times per second in a cycle?
  4 to 6 times per second
• How do you know that the ABS is working when driving?
  when your pushing the brake it pulsates.
• What current will be drawn when using ABS?
  Amps

Brakes

hydraulic brakes -brake system in which a brake pedal moves a piston in the master cylinder; brake fluid then applies great force to the brake pads or shoes.

Reservoir -holds the brake fluid.

Brake lining -are relatively soft but tough and also heat resistant material with a high coefficient of dynamic friction.

Hand brake cable - usually adjustable, and is directly connected to the brake mechanism on one end.

Brake fluid - a hydraulic fluid designed specifically for brakes, it transfers the motion of a driver stepping on a brake pedal directly to operate a brake caliper.

Brake pads and shoes - pads are steel backing plates with friction material bound to the surface that faces the disk brake rotor and shoes are a semi-circular material that presses against the inside of the turning brake drum to slow down the wheel that the drum is attached to.

Bleeding - is to removed trapped air bubbles and dirt in your brake fluid and topping it up with your new one.

Brake switch - an electrically powered switch that triggers the brake lights to activate when brakes are applied.

vehicle tech. part 1

Engineering technology

industry practice

Thrust washer

What is the purpose of the thrust washer on the crank shaft?

thrust washers are long-wearing flat bearings in the shape of a washer that transmit and resolve axial forces in rotating mechanisms to keep components aligned along a shaft.

Thrust washer

Frost Plug

Water Pump

Oil Ring

Cambelt

Rear Brake Shoes

Front Brake pads

Valves

Oil stem seal

Head gasket

Health and safety Part 5

What does SOP Mean??

Standard Operating Procedure.

When using any fixed machinery what should be done before you use it?

Before using any fixed machinery you must be properly train and supervised until you are able to operate the machine correctly.

How can you avoid danger?

you can avoid danger by reading the Student Induction booklet given by your teacher. Read the booklet properly repeat if you have to ensure that you remember everything and make sure you understand all the aspects of avoiding any danger or it may result in injury or death.

What is the speed limit around the campus?
5kph

When lifting a heavy object or incorrectly what can happen to the person??

Incorrect lifting will result in minor or serious injury or may cause death.

1.Plan the lift and route to be taken
2.Test the size and weight of the load
3.Get someone to help you if it is too heavy or too large
4.Stand close to the item/ object or load with feet apart
5.Bend your knees
 6.Lean forward
7Get a good firm grip on the item/ object or load
 8.Use your leg muscles to lift, not your back
 9.Never twist at the waist while liffting or carrying heavy objects 
What does OOS mean and how can you prevent it?

OCCUPATIONAL OVERUSE SYNDROME. Repeating a task so often can puy restraint on your body and cause your body to not recooperate properly which will lead to alot of pain and discomfort to your muscles.

Preventing OOS

 1.Using the same muscle but in a range of movements
2.Job rotation (not just repeating the same task for the full work day)
 3.Micro pauses taking quick stretch of the limbs and back every few minutes
 4.Report presistant pain to your supervisor

How to jack up a car safely

teaches you how to jack up a car correctly without any injuries

Engine Parts

health and safety part 4

Health and safety part 2

Read and explain in your own words the FIRE and EVACUATION process including were you should meet if there is a fire, what colour vest do the fire wardens wear?

In an event of a fire, find a fire alarm in the building, they are located in certain points of the building. Break the glass, then activate the alarms. In an event of a real fire notify the fire warden straight away and tell him or her where the fire is located. The alarm will go off to signal an immediate evacuation. shut down your equipment that your using and leave the building through the nearest fire exit and meet in the car park outside the front gate. The fire Warden wear an orange vest.

Stripping Down the Engine

Phil teaching us how to measure the bore size to check for wear and tear.

Dylan Hall working on his ipod haha

Checking the main bearing clearance

Areem Working hard haha

Putting the valves back is hard and takes time

Health and Safety exercise

The Law


Both the employer, Unitec Institute of Technology and its student have statutory obligations under the Health and safety in employment Act 1992 and all its amendments.

Employer Duties Include:


To take all practicable steps to:
 Provide a safe working environment.
provide for procedures for dealing with emergencies
Provide facilities for staff that include toilets and rest rooms, also first aid facilities.
Employees receive appropriate training in all matters.
Students Duties include


Taking responsibility for your own safety and health work
Ensuring that your action or inaction does not harm others.
Reporting all injuries or near hits to your supervisor as soon as possible after the event.

Hazards


To help reduce the health and safety risks in our workplace we need you to report any hazards that you may identify that have potential to cause injury or serious harm
Report the problem to your supervisor immediately so that the risk can be analysed and preventative action taken.
Who is your Health and safety representative?
Robert Humphreys

What is coolant in the automotive industry?

A fluid that flows through an object to stop it from overheating, transferred the heat from the object to other objects that use or dissipate it. A good coolant has high thermal capacity, low viscosity, low cost, non toxic, and chemically inert, which does not cause corrosion in the cooling system.

What are the three ways of heat transfer in the automotive?

Heat and Thermal energy is transferred between one object to another in three different ways. 

• Heat can be transferred by Conduction, it is transferred between two objects that have contact with each other.
• Secondly Heat also can be transferred by convection, Heat is transferred from a solid to a fluid substance such as water, air and coolant. There is a circulation of the heat in liquid or gas.
• Lastly the heat can be transferred by radiation, heat is transferred from a solid to air as rays of heat. heat is measure in wavelengths. the hotter the temperature of an object, the higher the frequency of radiation there is.